ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ืจืืฉื™

ื”ืื ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžืืจื”"ื‘?

ืื ื• ื ื“ืื’ ืœื›ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื โ€‹โ€‹ืœืจืฉื•ื ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื›ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ!

ืกื™ืงืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืขื“ ืœืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”!

ืื•ืกืคื™ื

ืื ื• ื ืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ื”ืื•ืคื ื•ืข ืฉืœืš ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืจื”"ื‘.

ืžืฉืœื•ื—

ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืžืืจื”"ื‘.

ืžื›ืก

ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื›ืก ื”ืืจื•ืš ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืœื•ืื• ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.

ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื

ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื›ืกื” ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื•ืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.

ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช

ื›ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช MOT & IVA ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืงืืกืœ ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืžื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš.

ื”ึทืจืฉืึธืžึธื”

ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืฉื•ื ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”. ื›ืœ ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื˜ื— ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื•!

ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘. ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ? ืืœ ืชื“ืื’!

ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืงืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืงืฉืจื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื•ืžื”ื™ืžื ื™ื ืขื ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘. ืขื‘ื•ืจืš, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืžืชื•ืื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช.

ืชื•ืš ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžืจื’ืข ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืฉืœืš, ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืื—ื–ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืžืจืืฉ. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืœ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืงืœื ื“, ื™ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ, ืกื•ื•ืื ื” ืื• ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.

ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื”, ืจื›ื‘ืš ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื‘ืžืœื•ืื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื ืื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.

ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื•ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืืžื™ื ื™ื, ืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืืœืคื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืœื ื‘ืขื™ื”.

ืื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืขื ื” ืœื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื, ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืกื’ื•ืจื” ื•ืคืชื•ื—ื” ื›ืื—ื“.

ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืืœ ืชื”ืกืก ืœืžืœื ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ. ืื• ืื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš.

 

 

ืื ื• ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”

ื›ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื™ืชืš ืชื’ื™ืข ืœืžื—ืกืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, ืื ื• ื ืขืžื™ืก ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื™ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ืช. ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.

ืื ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ืจื›ื‘ืš ืขื“ ืœืขืจืš ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ื”ืžืœื. ื–ื” ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื–ื‘ ืื•ืชืš, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— 'ืžื—ื•ืฅ' ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื ื•. ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืงื˜ ื ืคืฉื™, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืš ืœืžืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืฉืœืš.

ืžื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื ื•, ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.

ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจืชื™ืข, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืืžืจื™ืงื”. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•, ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ื˜ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื ืžืœ, ืžืกื•ืœืง ืžื”ืžื›ืก ื•ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืžืชื—ื ืฉืœื ื•.

ื”ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืžืขืงื‘ GPS ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื•?

ืื ืืชื” ืžื•ืกืจ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื™ืงืจ ืฉืœืš, ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืก

ืžื›ืก ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืกื™ื•ื˜, ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš. ืื ื• ื ื ื•ื•ื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจืš ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ื ืกืคืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื™ืชืš ืœื ืชืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืžื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.

ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื™ืงืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืก ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืœืš ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืขืžืœื•ืช.

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื›ืก, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืชืงืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืจืช ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ.

 

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืขื‘ืจื” ืžื›ืก, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”

ืขื ื”ื”ื’ืขื” ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืคื•ืคื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.

ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืœืื•ืชื•ืช, ื•ืคื ืกื™ ืขืจืคืœ ื•ื‘ืœื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช. ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืฆืจืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžื—ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืžื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื ืคื ืกื™ ืฆื“ ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื—ื•ื•ื ื™ ืฆื“ ืื• ืคื ืกื™ ืขืจืคืœ.

ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืœืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืื•ืจ LED ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ื›ื ืื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืืกืชื˜ื™ืช ืงืœื”.

ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื‘ืื• ืžืืจื”"ื‘ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ ืขืฉืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช IVA ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”-DVLA ื™ืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœืš. ื›ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ DVSA ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช IVA ืžืฉืœื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืขื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื™ืขื™ืœ ื•ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขื•ื–ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืžืชื ื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื

ืื™ื ืš ื“ื•ืจืฉ IVA ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืœ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื ืื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื•ืจื•ืช ืื™ืชื•ืช, ื‘ืœืื™ ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื, ืžืชืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืœืžื™ื.

ืืœ ืชืคื—ื“, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”!

 

ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืžืจื•ืช ืชืื•ืจื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืžื” ื”ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช?

ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืชื–ื“ืงืงื• ืœื”ืžืจืช ืชืื•ืจื”. ืฉื•ืง ื”-LHD ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืžืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช LHD ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™.

ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ื ื— 'ื”ืžืจืช ืชืื•ืจื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช' ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื•ืชืงื ื™ ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.

ืืœ ืชืชื ื• ืœื–ื” ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืชื›ื ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื โ€‹โ€‹ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืžืคื•ืืจืช! ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื‘ืฆืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืžืคืจื˜ ืชื•ืื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”. ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืชื—ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื’ื•ืขื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช, ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœ-MOT.

ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืžืจื” ืฉืœ American Lighting. (ืืœ ืชื“ืื’, ื“ืื’ื ื• ืœื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš!)

ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื• ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš:

ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื”ื LHD ื•ืžื™ื•ื‘ืื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืืœื•ืžื” ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืขื•ืฆืžื”. ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืขื ืคื ืกื™ ื”ืจืžื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืžื” ื™ื“ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช.

ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืฉืœืš, ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื ืก ืขื ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” RHD ืฉืœื•.

ืื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ืคื•ืก ืืœื•ืžืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื ืฉืœืš ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืื™ ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืกื ื•ื•ืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจื™ื.

ื”ืคื ืกื™ื ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืคื ืกื™ ื”ื‘ืœืžื™ื ืฉืœืš ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ื›ืžื” ื”ืชืืžื•ืช

ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืคื ืกื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืคื ืกื™ ื‘ืœื ื›ืš ืฉื™ืคืœื˜ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”. ืื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืชืื•ืจื” ื•ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.

ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžื—ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœื ืฉืœื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื”ื‘ื”ื‘ื™ื. ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืืœื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืขื ื‘ืจ.

ืื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื’ื™ืžื•ืจ OEM ื‘ืขืช ื”ืชืืžืช ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชืื•ืจืช LED ืฉื ื‘ื ืชื” ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.

(ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื”ืžืจื” ื‘ื“ืฃ ื–ื”. ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืืœื ื’ื ื™ื™ืจืื• ื ื”ื“ืจ!)

ืชื–ื“ืงืง ืœืกืžื ื™ ืฆื“ (ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืขื ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘).

ืื ื• ืžืชืงื™ื ื™ื ืกืžื ื™ ืฆื“ ืื• ืžืฉื—ื–ืจื™ ืฆื“ ืืฉืจ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื“ืœืช ื”ื ื•ืกืข ื•ื”ื ื”ื’. ืืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืจืฆื™ืฃ ื”ื ืคืœื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ื™ื.

ืคื ืกื™ ืขืจืคืœ ื•ืชืื•ืจืช ืขื–ืจ: ื›ืœ ืชืื•ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืคื ืกื™ ืขืจืคืœ ืื• ืคื ืกื™ ืขื–ืจ, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืชืงื ื™ ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฆื‘ืข, ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ืžื™ืงื•ื.

ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื•ื‘ื—ืฉืžืœ: ื”ืžืจื•ืช ืชืื•ืจื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื—ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื ืื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื”. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืชืืžืช ืจืชืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืชืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.

ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืฉืœืš. ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ืกื‘ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื™ื.

ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ืื ืืชื ืžื™ื™ื‘ืื™ื ืจื›ื‘ ืœืืจื”"ื‘, ืื ื• ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื”ืžืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืชืื™ืžื•ืช.

 

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื ื‘ื“ืง, ื ืจืฉื•ื ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš

ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืกืข ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืžืกืข ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืื ื• ืžืขื“ื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชืš.

ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ืœ-DVLA (ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ืจื›ื‘). ืœืื—ืจ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš.

ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช, ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื ื™ื™ืจืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื.

ืขื ืงื‘ืœืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ ืืช ืœื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœืš. ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ืื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืขืœื™ืš, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืื• ื™ืขื“ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืื—ืจ.

ืžื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื โ€‹โ€‹ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ืžื”ื• ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ ืขืฉืจ?

ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ืŸ IVA. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืžืชืงืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช IVA ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืœื ืชื—ื›ื” ืœืžืฉื‘ืฆืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืื ืœื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’. ืื ื• IVA ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืืชืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื ื™ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืฉื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื•ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.

ื›ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฆืจืŸ ื™ืฉ ืชืงื ื™ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืกื™ื•ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื, ืื– ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช ืœื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœืš.

ืื ื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ืฉืžืš, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆืจืŸ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืื• ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืชื™ืจืฉื ื›ื—ื•ืง ืœ- DVLA ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™.

ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื’ืช ืงืจื™ืืช MPH ื•ืžื™ืงื•ื ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืจืคืœ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืื ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืชื•ืื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™.

ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืงื˜ืœื•ื’ ื ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื•ื“ื’ืžื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ื‘ืื ื• ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœืš ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ IVA ืฉืœื”.

ืžื”ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืœ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื?

ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืœ 10 ืฉื ื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืกื•ื’ ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, ื”ื ืงืจืืช MOT, ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ IVA ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื. ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืืš ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœืคื ืก ื”ืขืจืคืœ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™.

ืื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 40 ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช MOT ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืชืš ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœื”.

ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ืจื›ื‘ ืžืืจื”"ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”?

ืื ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกืš ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžืืจื”"ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืœืš ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืงื™ืคื” ื”ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.

ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ืืชื” ืจืง ืžื—ืคืฉ ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช. ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืก ื”ื™ื‘ื•ื, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืขื ื”ื”ื’ืขื” ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ืช ืจื›ื‘ ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืœื” ื‘ื ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”.

ื™ื™ื‘ืื ื• ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืงืฉืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื“ ืžื•ืกื˜ื ื’ ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ื˜ื ื“ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื. ื›ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืชืืžืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.

ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื•ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ื”ืžืคืจื˜ืช ืืช ื ื‘ื›ื™ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžืืจื”"ื‘, ืื ื ืืœ ืชื”ืกืก ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื ื•. ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš.

ื”ืื ืื ื• ืžื™ื™ื‘ืื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช?

ื›ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ืžืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื•ืื ื• ืžื™ื™ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื™ื‘ื•ื ืจื›ื‘ืš ืื– ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš.

ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืœื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœืš:

ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ื•ื ืจื›ื‘ ืงืœืืกื™?

ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ื‘ื•ื โ€‹โ€‹ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืงืœืืกื™ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช:

    • ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื.
    • ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชืงื ื™ื ื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
    • ืื™ืžื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื›ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืงืœืืกื™ืช ืื• ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช.
    • ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ืก ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื›ืœ ืžื›ืก ื•ืžืกื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื.
    • ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชืงื ื™ ืคืœื™ื˜ื”, ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช.

ืื™ืœื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื™ื™ื‘ื•ื โ€‹โ€‹ืจื›ื‘ ืงืœืืกื™?

ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ:

    • ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื.
    • ืฉื˜ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืื• ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉื”.
    • ืชืขื•ื“ื” ืžื–ื”ื” ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ (ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืื• ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”).
    • ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชืงื ื™ ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
    • ื›ืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ ืžื›ืก ืื• ื™ื‘ื•ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.

ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืงืœืืกื™ืช?

ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชืงื ื™ ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืื•ืจื”, ืžื“ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžืจืื•ืช ืื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื”. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžื•ืกืžืš ืื• ื™ื‘ื•ืืŸ ืจื›ื‘ ืžื•ืจืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื.

ื›ืžื” ื™ืขืœื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืงืœืืกื™ืช ืžืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”?

ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืงืœืืกื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ:

    • ืžื—ื™ืจ ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘.
    • ื“ืžื™ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื.
    • ืžื›ืก ื•ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
    • ื“ืžื™ ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื•ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
    • ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื.
    • ื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื“ืžื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื.

ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœื•ืงื— ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื?

ืžืฉืš ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื โ€‹โ€‹ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืกืคืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืก, ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืื• ื™ื‘ื•ืืŸ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฆื™ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฆืคื•ื™.

ื”ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™?

ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ืขืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืขืœื™ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ืžื›ืก ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืื• ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชืงื ื™ ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื. ืขื“ ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืืœื”, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฉืœืžื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.

ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช?

ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช. ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืชืงื ื™ ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื™ื‘ื•ืืŸ ืจื›ื‘ ืžื•ืกืžืš ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช.

ื–ื›ืจื•, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ื ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ื‘ื•ื ื—ืœืง ื•ืชื•ืื.

ื”ืื ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื”ืžืจื•ืช ืชืื•ืจื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช (ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืขื ื‘ืจ)

ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขื ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื’ื™ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืจืžืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื•ืžื”.

ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืื•ืชื ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืฆื™ืข ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื•ืชืื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.

ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช. ืื ื• ืžืฉื ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืจืื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื”, ืืš ื’ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช.

ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื•. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืคืจืง ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ ืชืื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืœืขื ื‘ืจ.

ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื ืืคืงื˜ ืœื™ื™ืง ืœื“ื•ืžื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืื ืื ื• ืžื™ื™ื‘ืื™ื ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื ืžืืžืจื™ืงื”?

ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ. ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืืžืจื™ืงื” (ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืœื™), ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืžื™ื™ื‘ืื™ื ืื•ืชื.

ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ื›ืžื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš?

ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”.

ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ื”ืžื›ื•ื ืื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืžืจื•ืช, ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืชืงื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื• ืงื•ืจื‘ื˜ ืงืœืืกื™ืช ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžืœื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื• ืžื•ืกื˜ื ื’ ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœืงื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืœื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.

ืื ื—ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš - ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ืชื ื•, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืชืจืฆื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.

ืื– ืืœ ืชื”ืกืกื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื›ืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช

ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘?

ืื ืœื ืจื›ืฉืชื ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืืชื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ - ืžืื™ืคื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื.

ืงื— ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืื• ืœื. ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื™. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ืืชื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ืจื•ื›ืฉ ืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ื ืงื•ื‘, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ ืขื ืžื™ ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ื ืจื›ืฉ. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ื›ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื—ื•"ืœ? ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื•ื—ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ืžื”ื™ืžืŸ.

ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืืœ ืชืคื—ื“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื”. ืืœ ืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืœื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉื ื•ืฉื - ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื ื–ืง ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืชื›ื.

ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื” ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืžื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช - ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชื ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช?

ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจื•ืงืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื™ืกืคืงื• ืฉืขืจ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื•ืžืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ืžืืฉืจ ื ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœืš.

ืืœ ืชื”ืกืกื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืจื›ื‘.

ืžื”ื ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช?

ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื ืžืœื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื•ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ืฉืขืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืกื—ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™. ื—ืœืง ืžื ืžืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื:

  1. ื ืžืœ ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก, ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”: ื ืžืœ ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื ืคื— ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื”ื™ืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ืืกื™ื”.
  2. ื ืžืœ ืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืฅ', ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”: ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœื ืžืœ ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก, ื ืžืœ ืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืฅ' ื”ื•ื ื ืžืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื”ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ื•ื‘ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ืกื—ืจ ืฉืœื” ืขื ืืกื™ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ืกื™ืŸ.
  3. ื ืžืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ื ื™ื• ื’'ืจื–ื™: ื ืžืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ื ื™ื• ื’'ืจื–ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืฉืขืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœืกื—ืจ ืขื ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืขื ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื›ืžื” ื˜ืจืžื™ื ืœื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ืกื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืื–ื•ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ื ื™ื• ื’'ืจื–ื™.
  4. ื ืžืœ ืกื•ื•ืื ื”, ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื”: ื ืžืœ ืกื•ื•ืื ื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื–ื”ื• ืžืจื›ื– ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœืžื˜ืขืŸ ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืกื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื—, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช.
  5. ื ืžืœ ื™ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ, ื˜ืงืกืก: ื ืžืœ ื™ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ, ื”ืžืžื•ืงื ืขืœ ืžืคืจืฅ ืžืงืกื™ืงื•, ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช. ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื ืคื˜ ื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื, ื•ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื™ืช ืกื—ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
  6. ื ืžืœ ืกื™ืื˜ืœ-ื˜ืงื•ืžื”, ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ: ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ืื˜ืœ ื•ื˜ืงื•ืžื” ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช-ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืขืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœืกื—ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืฉืงื˜. ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ืืกื™ื”.
  7. ื ืžืœ ืฆ'ืจืœืกื˜ื•ืŸ, ื“ืจื•ื ืงืจื•ืœื™ื™ื ื”: ื ืžืœ ืฆ'ืจืœืกื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืžืœ ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ืžืชืงื ื™ ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืจื›ื– ืกื—ืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœืื–ื•ืจ.

ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืจืง ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื ืžืœื™ ื”ืกืคื ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”. ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื ืžืœ ืžื™ืืžื™, ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”; ื ืžืœ ืื•ืงืœื ื“, ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”; ื ืžืœ ื ื•ืจืคื•ืœืง, ื•ื™ืจื’'ื™ื ื™ื”; ื•ื ืžืœ ื ื™ื• ืื•ืจืœื™ื ืก, ืœื•ืื™ื–ื™ืื ื”. ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื/ื™ืขื“ ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ, ืงื•ื•ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื•ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—.

ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœื•ืงื— ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”?

ืžืฉืš ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืกืคืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—, ืชื ืื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉื›ื™ ืžืฉืœื•ื—:

  1. ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื™ืฉื™ืจ: ืื ืชื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืžื ืžืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœื ืžืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ 10 ืœ-30 ื™ืžื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื”ื• ืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืก, ื˜ืขื™ื ื”/ืคืจื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืž/ืืœ ื”ื ืžืœื™ื.
  2. ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืขืงื™ืฃ: ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืœื— ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ, ืฉื ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืื• ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื ืžืœื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ. ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื.
  3. ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช: ืื ืชื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืžืฉืœื•ื— ืจื•ืœ-ืื•ืŸ/ืจื•ืœ-ืื•ืฃ (RoRo). ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
  4. ืžืฉืœื•ื— RoRo: ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืจื•ืœ-ืื•ืŸ/ืจื•ืœ-ืื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ืœืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืกืขืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืืœ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช RoRo ืชื•ื›ื ื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื•ืคื—ืช ื•ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื™ื ื”/ืคืจื™ืงื” ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืŸ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืžื ื—ื™ื ื’ืกื™ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื.

ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ื˜ื ื“ืจ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืื• ื˜ื ื“ืจ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื™ื•ื ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”?

ื™ื™ื‘ืื ื• ืžืื•ืช ื˜ื ื“ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืžืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš.

ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ื•ืื ื• ื ืกืคืง ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ื‘ื•ื โ€‹โ€‹ืจื›ื‘ืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.

ื”ืื ืงืœ ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ืื•ืคื ื•ืข ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืžื™ื•ื‘ืื™ื?

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืื•ืคื ื•ืข ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืžื™ื•ื‘ืื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืกืคืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื. ืืžื ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืจื›ื‘ ืžื™ื•ื‘ื, ืืš ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™. ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ:

ืžืคืจื˜ื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืชืื™ืžื•ืช:
ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืขืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ื•ืืช ื”ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื‘ืื•ืช ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ืื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ืืช ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืชืงื ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืื• ืื™ ื”ืชืืžื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™.

ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ืงืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืžืฉื•ืš ืคืจืžื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืžืฆื‘ื•:
ื’ื™ืœ ื•ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—. ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืื•ืชืŸ. ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ืื• ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืคื™ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœื”ืŸ.

ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื”ื.

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ:
ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื™ืฆืจืŸ, ื“ื’ื, ื’ื™ืœ, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื‘ืื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ืคืจื™ืžื™ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื“ื’ืžื™ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื.

ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœื ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืš ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืžื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”.

ื™ืฉ ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš.

ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆื ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืœืืจื”"ื‘?

ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืขื ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืœืืžืจื™ืงื” ืื ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืจืง ื”ืงืคื“ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ.

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